Philosophy of law ( movie review ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reasoning of law ( film survey ) - Essay Example These were the fundamental regions that they would not like to flourish in the midst of the Jews in Germany. The Jewish places of worship were scorched to cinders and their kids were ousted from school. Just the local religion and culture was to be maintained. The demonstrations of the Nazis obviously depended on the way of thinking of patriotism. Patriotism requests that a country secures its inclinations and sway with all methods conceivable. Any barging in human progress is treated with mediocrity and pitilessness. On account of â€Å"Night of Broken Glass†, patriotism had been misrepresented by its defenders. It was expansionist patriotism, set apart with an extreme military hostility towards the Jews. Nazism might be legitimized based on power and counteraction of culture mutilation. Though the legislature and the Nazis were unequivocally supporting patriotism theory, a huge group of the locals appeared to be very reluctant to act against the Jews. It might be said that these individuals were getting tied up with socialism; a ridiculous structure socialization that improves solidarity. Socialism, other than saving solidarity, secures human pride and rights, including

The Term Media Convergence Media Essay

How Sleep and Bipolar Disorder Interact

How Sleep and Bipolar Disorder Interact Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Print How Sleep and Bipolar Disorder Interact By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 06, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 15, 2020 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights russell underwood / Getty Images What do you need to know about sleep and sleep patterns when you have bipolar disorder? If youve found that your sleep patterns abnormal, for example, if you either sleep 12 to 14 hours at a time or stay up all night, you may find that changing the way you sleep can substantially improve your condition. Studies tell us that sleep issues can have a profound impact on those with bipolar disorder or even those at risk for bipolar disorder.?? Before talking about how sleep habits affect bipolar disorder, however, lets look at this from the other side. How does bipolar disorder affect sleep? Bipolar Disorder, Depression, and Sleep Problems Sleep disturbances are very common in people with bipolar disorder and appear to play an important role in the cycling of the disorder.?? Insomnia - Insomnia includes not only difficulty in falling asleep, but difficulties staying asleep or getting too little sleep. Insomnia is common with many physical and mental health conditions. In those with bipolar disorder, hypomania and mania can often lead to insomnia. When this occurs, treatment of the underlying condition (hypomania or mania due to bipolar disorder) is a goal of treatment.Delayed sleep phase syndrome - Delayed sleep phase syndrome is a circadian rhythm disturbance. It can be associated with depression and other mental health issues, but is most prominent in adolescents.Irregular sleep-wake schedule - When people with bipolar disorder have a lack of a sleep  routine, the irregular cycle can greatly interfere with appropriate treatment of the disorder. Treatment focuses on treating the cause which keeps them up at night.Nightmares - Vivid dreams, nightmares, and night terrors may also affect people with bipolar disorder. As with insomnia, the goal of treatment is to best treat the underlying bipolar disorder. Its clear that bipolar disorder can lead to sleep disorders, but what about the opposite scenario? Can sleep problems lead to or precipitate bipolar disorder in those at risk for the condition? Sleep as a Precipitant of Mania with Bipolar Disorder What may surprise you is that reduced sleep isnt just a symptom of  maniaâ€"a short night can actually precipitate manic and hypomanic episodes.?? Studies have found that 25 to 65 percent of people with bipolar disorder who had a manic episode had experienced a social rhythm disruption prior to the episode. Social rhythm disruption is some disturbance in routine affecting the sleep/wake cycle; it can be as simple as staying up extra late to watch a movie on television or getting wrapped up in an interesting online chat session, or as serious as being unable to sleep due to a family members serious illness or death.?? For reasons we have yet to learn, people with bipolar disorder seem to have more delicate internal clock mechanisms, said Dr. Ellen Frank, who has extensively studied these issues. Could Sleep Disorders Actually Lead to Bipolar Disorder? Some scientists speculate that one reason the incidence of bipolar disorder has risen in modern times is the development of bright artificial light.?? Once upon a time, most peoples sleep/wake cycles were regulated by the sun. The artificial light changed all that  and made it more likely that people who have a genetic predisposition toward bipolar disorder would actually develop the condition. While a causal relationship hasnt been proven, sleep disturbances in people with bipolar disorder have also been linked with changes in the microstructure of the white matter of the brain. How to Cope Just as sleep disturbances due to bipolar disorder need to be addressed, those sleep disturbances which could worsen bipolar disorder need to be addressed as well.?? If youre suffering from insomnia, good sleep hygiene is critical. Experts recommend that you:?? Go to bed and get up at the same time every dayAvoid naps, especially naps in the late afternoon. If you must nap, try to limit your rest to around one hour.Use your bedroom for sleep and sex only.Avoid heavy meals a few hours before retiring.If you cant sleep after a certain amount of time (for example, 15 minutes) get out of bed and do something. It still important to get up at your regular time the next morning, even if you will have less than seven hours of sleep. If you are coping with hypersomnia (sleeping too much,) its often advised that you gradually reduce the amount of time you spend sleeping by using an alarm clock. Preliminary studies indicate that aggressive readjustment of the sleep/wake cycle may be of particular help for treatment-resistant rapid cycling bipolar disorder.?? Such therapy may begin by enforcing complete light and sound deprivation for as many as 14 hours per night, which can be gradually reduced once a persons moods are seen to stabilize. Psychotherapy and medications can also play an important role in improving sleep habits, and in doing so, bipolar disorder symptoms as well. Involving Your Family in Your Sleep Habits Doctors point out the need to involve a persons family in the effort to regularize the sleep/wake cycle. Family members should be taught about the vulnerability to changes in daily routine experienced by people with bipolar disorder. This awareness is critical as a partners well-intentioned, I know the party will last all night but cant we do it just this once? could nudge a person with bipolar disorder straight into a manic episode. It can also help for family members to learn the signs of an episodes onset, whether manic, hypomanic, or depressive  and be prepared to intervene before the mood swing becomes full-blown.?? Bottom Line If you or a loved one suffer from any type of mood disorder, pay attention to the sleep/wake patterns of the person involved. If you identify insomnia, hypersomnia, poor-quality sleep and/or reduced need for sleep, this should be brought to your/your loved ones doctors attention right away.?? Treating the sleep disorder is likely to significantly help the mood disorder as well.

Bombardier Aerospace An Overview - 1590 Words

Which argument for the existence of God is strongest? Why? An age-old debate that has existed in religious studies concerns which argument for the existence of God is the strongest. The existence of God is pervasive throughout the world, although the means with which people attempt to prove His existence varying in significant (and sometimes contrasting) ways. Although there have been myriad methods for proving Gods existence, a central dispute concerns whether or not to use a rational approach or a more Biblically-grounded approach. This paper examines three theories that are germane to the rational approach the Five Proofs issued by Thomas Aquinas in his Summa Theologica, the central premise of St. Anselms Proslogion, and Augustines premise from his canonical text City of God. After discussing these three arguments, two Christological arguments are discussed, namely Richard Bauckhams thesis from God Crucified: Monotheism and Christology in the New Testament (1999) and William Lane Craigs argument from The Resurrection of Jesus (Date Unkno wn). Following a description of these theories, this paper argues in favor of the rational approach because it is more systematic in its justification for Gods existence. Thomas Aquinass Summa Theologica represents one of the most famous attempts to prove Gods existence. Aquinas wrote at a time in which people began to develop skepticism concerning the existence of God. In this regard, it is instructive to position AquinasShow MoreRelatedBombardier Aerospace: Strategic Analysis834 Words   |  3 PagesOverview Bombardier Aerospace is a division of Bombardier Inc. and the third largest global airplane manufacturer after Boeing and Airbus. Its headquarters are in Quebec, Canada, and with 33,600 employees is poised to become a major player in helping the developing world acquire aircraft. The C-Series is a family of narrow-body, twin-engine, medium range jet liners which, despite some challenges in orders, remains a committed product line. It is designed for the 100-150 seat market, w hich is aboutRead MoreBombardier2867 Words   |  12 PagesBOMBARDIER Trevor Davies Steve Bernier Paul Gos Jeff Cosentino Bombardier Bombardier Inc., a diversified manufacturing and service company, is a world leading manufacturer of business jets, regional aircraft, rail transportation equipment. It is also a provider of financial services and asset management. The Corporation employs 79,000 people in 24 countries in the Americas, Europe and AsiaPacific Objective The goal of Bombardier is that the company and management team wish to downsizeRead MoreBombardier Transportation the Adtranz Acquisition2401 Words   |  10 PagesI. Overview ï‚ § Pierre Lortie = newly appointed President Chief Operating Officer of Bombardier Transportation (BT), headquartered in St. Bruno, Quebec ï‚ § BT = one of 3 major operating groups of Bombardier Inc. (BBD), headquartered in Montreal, Canada. ï‚ § BBD = one of the world’s largest manufacturers of passenger rail cars ï‚ § BBD recently completed acquisition of Adtranz from DaimlerChrysler, headquartered in Berlin, Germany ï‚ § Acquisition would expand BT’s revenues geographic scope; increase BT’sRead MoreGlobal Trade Overview On The United States1105 Words   |  5 Pages 4. GLOBAL TRADE OVERVIEW Trading Partners of NAFTA: Canada: Canada’s prosperity is built on it easy access to foreign trade and investment. The North American partnership is undoubtedly a significant competitive advantage for Canada. to help Canadian business opportunities all across the world, Canada is using this platform as a entry. The United States: The most diversified economy in the world. It’s isRead MoreGlobalization Of Production And Consumption Builds Weight On Firms9648 Words   |  39 Pagesintervening influence on the relationship between product design, product demand and supply chain complexity. 2.6 AS 9100 Quality Management Systems Customer satisfaction is a critical variable for this manufacturing company and all organizations in the aerospace industry. They apply their QMS with the goal of guaranteeing the procurement of products that reliably meet the requirements of their clients and also being a tool for continually improving the efficiency, intensity and benefit of the company.(DepartmentRead MoreEssay about Boeing Company Analysis15946 Words   |  64 PagesBoeing [pic] Presented by: Urvishkumar Patel Amitkumar Patel Bhavikkumar Patel Manojkumar Patel Vishal Patel Jonathan Mayes MG - 640 Management Policy Dr. Santanu Borah July 27, 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 5 Company Overview 5 Boeing Commercial Airplanes 5 Boeing Integrated Defense Systems 6 Boeing Capital Corporation 6 Background 7 Sales/Operations 9 Constituent Contributions to Corporate Portfolio and Revenue 12 Market Share, Revenues, IncomeRead MoreGe Honeywell23318 Words   |  94 Pages(between 43% and 65% depending on how market share was calculated) a situation where firms’ conduct is subject to particular scrutiny under Article 82 of the Treaty of Rome. 4 Meanwhile, Honeywell had a leading position in the avionics and non-avionics aerospace component markets. The European Union Merger Regulation enforced at the time prohibited mergers or acquisitions which â€Å"create or strengthen(s) a dominant position as a result of which effective competition would be significantly impeded in the commonRead MoreTechnology : Visualizing Process And Data Flow Essay1876 Words   |  8 PagesDue to this, current ramp receipt and dispatch employees are exposed to the environment with very high chance of accidents, showing that there is still considerable room for improvement. Aircraft In this paper, the aircraft for investigation was Bombardier CRJ-100ER from School of Aviation Transportation Technology, Purdue University. This 50-seat CRJ-100ER was manufactured in 1995. It has two CF34 turbofan engines manufactured by General Electric (2014). The jet is for teaching and research relatedRead MoreDaimler Chrysler3932 Words   |  16 PagesDaimler-Benz and Chrysler and, to a lesser extent, also Mitsubishi. Nine years later Daimler decided to divest its Chrysler operations and sell 80% of Chryslers stock to the private equity firm Cerberus. INTRODUCTION The DaimlerChryler case gives an overview of the merger between DaimlerBenz AG and Chrysler Corporation. The case focuses on the post-merger integration and the various problems faced by both the companies. It also explores the enormous cultural differences and the management style and theRead MoreKtm Case Study3668 Words   |  15 Pageswith the best technology. They are committed to performance and their slogan is â€Å"ready to race†. Tools for Analysis We have used value chain analysis and the VRIO model to assess the overall company situation and the SWOT analysis to get a better overview of the decision that the company is facing. VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS Firm infrastructures Private firm enables stability and leaderships. System of mostly wholly-owned subsidiaries makes full control over operations possible. Ramp;D and Technology

The Between Sin And Purity - 1629 Words

The organization of Inferno is categorized by the escalation of crimes, from failure of the will, to transgressions of the mind; better described as the uncontrollable versus the sins you knowingly commit. Canto V of Inferno is the most memorable, and erotic, Canto throughout the Divine Comedy. In this Canto, the reader witnesses the integration of sin with purity, symbolizing the duality of human nature. The allegorizations represent a duality in mankind’s freedom of choice; the choice to live a pure life or to commit sin. According to Dante a soul has the ability to intellectually reason. This ability means that each human is responsible for their own actions and choices as they might reason to control their natural appetites that lead to a sinful existence. The starving of one’s lustful appetite is connected to the ritualistic fasting, Lent, that Christians undertake in order to absolve themselves of sin and thus seek a closer intimacy with God. There is heavy symbol ism in Dante’s portrayal of Paolo and Francesca which reveals the dichotomy between sin and purity that exists in Canto V. Imagery plays a crucial role when it comes to seeing the duality of the second circle. The laws of contrapasso creates a parallel of crimes one committed in life to match the nature of punishment found in death. The atmosphere of the second circle is designed to be the punishment for those who choose their emotion over reason. Like how these sinners acted on lust, renouncing the reasonShow MoreRelatedGreat Gatsby Scarlet Letter Essay690 Words   |  3 Pageshave sex as part of a meaningful relationship, but are persecuted for it. These varying reactions are caused partially by the extreme contrast of environment between the two novels. Another factor is the different degrees of conscientiousness and its importance between the novels. Hester and Dimmesdale repent and seek forgiveness for their sins. They use their experience to make them better people, and by the end of the novel, both find themselves free of guilt. On the other hand, the charactersRead MoreVisual Analysis on Anne-Louis Gidelà ±s The Funeral of Atala1062 Words   |  4 PagesAtala being torn from her journey to heaven and hell since she killed herself which is a sin. There are many aspects in this painting that represent in depth ideas. Many areas of the painting confirm connect back to the concept of heaven and hell. For example, the bright encouraging lighting that shines on Atala and dark grave, the shovel that dug her grave with the hidden cross causing contradiction between God and the Devil, and lastly the difference from darkness representing hell and lightnessRead More Adultery in Great Gatsby Scarlet Letter Essay688 Words   |  3 Pageshave sex as part of a meaningful relationship, but are persecuted for it. These varying reactions are caused partially by the extreme contrast of environment between the two novels. Another factor is the different degrees of conscientiousness and its importance between the novels. Hester and Dimmesdale repent and seek forgiveness for their sins. They use their experience to make them better people, and by the end of the novel, both find themselves free of guilt. On the other hand, the characters inRead More Puritan Hypocrisy Exposed in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter1235 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Puritanical views of sin and evil.   The Puritans are constantly displayed as believing that evil comes from an unyielding bond being formed between love and hate.   For such reasons they looked towards Hesters commitment of adultery as an action of pure, condemned evil.   However, through the use of light and dark imagery, Hawthorne displays who truly holds evil in their hearts.   The one who is the embodiment of evil creates hypocrisy of Puritanical views towards sin and evil.   Hawthorne displaysRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown934 Words   |  4 Pagesserves not only as Goodman Brown’s wife but also a symbol of his faith in God. One of the most symbolic images that Faith presented in the story was her pink ribbon. In western culture, white is usually linked with purity while red is a symbol of sins. Pink, indeed, lies between the two symbolic colors may be a representation of Goodman Brown’s change in beliefs. At first, Goodman Brown believed in his wife as â€Å"a blessed angel on earth.† (2) Although he’s determined to enter the woods, he didRead MoreAllusions And Theme In The Goblin Market By Christina Rossetti1282 Words   |  6 Pagesgo buy this fruit with curious and passion. In the Genesis story, the serpent tempted Eve to eat the fruit to become like God, promising Eve that she â€Å"will not surely die† (Genesis 3:4-5). This promise led Eve, including Adam, to sin against God. The connection between the poem and the Genesis 3 is the purpose of the forbidden fruit; just like Eve was tempted to eat the fruit to become like God, Laura became hungry to ea t the fruit to submit to its taste. In addition, Rossetti focuses on the goblinsRead MoreConrad s Heart Of Darkness994 Words   |  4 Pagesassociations with Europeans and natives to argue that the success of a society depends on its level of morality, which is absent in imperialism. In Conrad’s novel, the level of morality of Europeans and natives are shown through the reverse relationship between Europeans and natives through their amount of restraint. During the boat ride to Kurtz, Marlow notices the native’s restraint towards man’s hardest temptation, hunger. Conrad shows that although the natives have starved compared to the well-fed EuropeansRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s East Of Eden1342 Words   |  6 Pageschoice between good and evil. He dramatizes the conflict between wickedness and purity within the Trask family and the main characters of the novel struggle with the inheritance of sin. Cyrus, the father of the Trask family, chooses evil by stealing money during his time in the Army. Charles, succumbs to jealousy of his brother, Adam. Cathy chooses evil at every opportunity she gets by manipulating and wounding others for her own pleasure. Cal, finds out about his family’s history of sin and worriesRead MoreA Romantic View Of H ester Prynne Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesMason Fleischauer Rahner Collegio Ms. Slevin and Mr. Arthur Final Draft A Romantic View of Hester Prynne Individualism, emotion and the purity and simplicity of nature are at the foundation of American Romanticism. Essays such as Thoreau’s Walden and Emerson’s â€Å"Self-Reliance† call on humans to look inward and avoid conformity in order to find meaning and purpose in life. Nathaniel Hawthorne is also sympathetic to these ideals, but in The Scarlet Letter, he conveys them in the format of a novel whereRead MoreLiterary Analyzes Of Young Goodman Brown1746 Words   |  7 Pagesrepresent society as a whole. They show how sin can tempt any individual whose faith is still developing. D. M. Mckeithan writes in her essay Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†: An Interpretation, â€Å"Goodman Brown is the everyman of average intelligence who is striving to live a good life† (94). He is someone who is respected in his community but has not made much of an effort to make himself well known. He has the reputation of one who has refrained from sin, but he is not known for doing any great deeds

Discuss the formation of ATP during glycolysis Free Essays

Introduction Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that is found in the cytosol of cells in all living organisms it breaks down glucose, a simple sugar to pyruvate. This unique process can take place when there is oxygen available and also when there is no oxygen available under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In 1987 Hans Buchner and Eduard Buchner accidently came across something new. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss the formation of ATP during glycolysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now What they were interested in was manufacturing cell-free extracts of yeasts or clinical use. Sucrose was added to preserve the extracts. This is where they discovered something un-usual. The cell free extract converted the sucrose to ethanol. This showed that metabolism can happen outside of living cells. This investigation had led to several scientists to inspect the breakdown of glucose more thoroughly. In the 1930s, Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof and Jacob Parnes concluded that the breakdown of glucose consists of ten steps. Each one of these steps is broken down by another enzyme. Now researchers have concluded that glycolysis is the preferred way of or the breakdown of glucose in; archea, bacteria and eukaryotes. These steps of glycolysis are all the same in mostly all living organisms. This says that glycolysis was involved in the evolution of life on our planet. Glycolysis is separated in to three phases. The first section in known as endergonic reaction that needs ATP which is also known as energy investment. In the first phase, glucose is very stable and not broken down easily. It consists for three steps. These steps are when two ATP molecules are hydrolyzed to form fructose-1, 6-biphosphate. Step one is where glycolysis starts with a reaction where glucose receives a phosphate group from an ATP molecule. The ATP acts as both a phosphate and also the energy needed to attach the phosphate to the molecule of glucose. ATP is converted to ADP and becomes the ADP of the cell until it is converted into ATP again. The phosphorylated glucose is called glucose-6-phosphate which in turn makes it more reactive. (It is more easily trapped in the cell compared to glucose). Step two is where the structure of glucose-6-phosphate undergoes another reaction where the hydrogen and the oxygen atoms are rearranged. The reaction is where glucose-6-phosphate i s converted to its isomer which is fructose-6-phosphate. The third step is where another ATP donates a phosphate to the molecule. This forms fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate. The phosphate groups are now bound at carbon one and six, this means that the molecule is ready to split. The second phases is known as the cleavage phase which consists of two steps. This is where a six carbon sugar is broken down into two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. At step four, fructose-1, 6-biphosphate is then split into two 3 carbon sugars. These are glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate (G3P) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Step five is where dihydroxyacetone phosphate is converted to its isomer which is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to increase the metabolism in glycolysis. This means that the products in glycolysis at this point are two molecules of G3P. This can be summarised by: Glucose (six carbon compound) + 2 ATP a 2 G3P (three carbon compound) + 2ADP The third phase is known as exergonic reaction or the liberation phase where ATP and NADH are released. This is where the two glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate molecules are catalyzed to form two pyruvate molecules, which produces two molecules of NADH and four molecules of ATP, because the two molecules of ATP are used up in the endergonic reaction which needs ATP, the net yield of ATP is two molecules. The net reaction of glycolysis can be shown below: C6H12O6 + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP2- + 2 Pi2 a 2 CH3 (C=O) COO– + 2 H+ + 2 NADH + 2 ATP4- + 2 H2O GlucosePyruvate In the third phase there are five steps. The first step is where, each glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate encounters dehydrogenation with NAD+ as the hydrogen acceptor. The resulting factor of this reaction is phosphoglycerate. This then reacts positively with inorganic phosphate present in the cytosol to produce 1,3-biphosphoglycerate. NADH is produced. In 1,3-biphosphoglycerate a phosphate group is de-activated (upper left) which means that the bond will break in a very high exergonic reaction. The next step is where a phosphate is removed from 1,3-biphosphoglycerate to produce 3-phosphoglycerate. The phosphate that is removed is transferred to ADP to produce ATP. The phosphate group in 3-phosphoglycerate is transferred to produce 2-phosphoglycerate. This is done by the enzymatic shift enzymatic shift of the phosphate group. This is known as a preparation reaction. Next a water molecule is removed from the 2-phosphoglycerate which forms phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). This product has a phospha te group attached by a bond that is not stable which means that the, bond will break in a high exergonic reaction. Then a phosphate is removed from phosphoenolpyruvate to produce pyruvate. The phosphate that is removed is transported to ADP to form ATP. In a cell when there is enough ATP feedback inhibition takes place. When the concentration levels are really high, ATP joins to an allosteric site in phosphofructokinase, this then breaks down the third step in glycolysis. When ATP is joined to the allosteric site, a change in structure takes place that forms the enzyme to be inactive. This then stops glucose from breaking down more which then inhibits excessive amounts of ATP. Conclusion During the investment phase of glycolysis two molecules of ATP are taken up, but then in the energy liberation phase four molecules of ATP are produced. This suggests that glycolysis produces a net profit of two ATP’s per glucose. The energy liberation phase can be summarized by the following: 2 G3P + 2 NAD+ + 4 ADP a 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 4 ATP. How to cite Discuss the formation of ATP during glycolysis, Essay examples

What roles did the leaders of Veronese Society Play in the deaths of the lovers in Romeo and Juliet Essay Example

What roles did the leaders of Veronese Society Play in the deaths of the lovers in Romeo and Juliet Essay In the play Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare, many leaders within the lovers lives played key roles in their last days, with severe mistakes and misjudgements clearing the path for the chain of events that saw the their demise. In all ranks and at many times in the play, lack of good leadership and advisory qualities meant that large mistakes remained uncovered and unnoticed. At these crucial times, guidance provided for the two young lovers was deficient, and this allowed the tragic inevitability to ensue. All the leaders influencing the lives of Romeo and Juliet played a part which, in the end, led to death and catastrophe.Successful leadership maintains a safe and stable society, and while being rational, should not be too soft or too restrictive. The leader is required to do this within the area of his responsibility and nowhere else, which was another mistake made by many leaders in the play. Though different leaders had different arcs of influence, their oversights and failures meant that every way of preventing the final consequence was ineffective.Prince Escales is the highest ranking leader in the play, and he bears ultimate responsibility for all the people of Verona. It is therefore worrying that such a person is weak and illogical in decisions that he makes. This is first shown in Act 1, Scene 1, when he takes action to end a fight between the two feuding families.Enter Prince Escales with his trainPrinceOn pain of tortureThrow your mistemperd weapons to the groundIf ever you disturb our streets againYour lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace I.i.80-81, 90-91The Princes speech after he enters may be powerful, but this does not mean that the discussion on the matter should be definitely over. This shows that the decision for this law was hastily made only at the Princes arrival, without any consultation of Montague and Capulet or even any other witnesses. The speech is the first thing that he does after he enters. This shows bad leadership as a goo d leader must place himself within his people and guide them, based partially on their own decisions. However, Escales shows his lack of thought early on by firstly making the law before any consultations take place. Contrarily, Escales is shown to have authority and respect, though it is unclear how much: he must stop the fight on pain of torture which suggests force is a primary factor in his rule.His military authority and power, though not exercised, is also shown when he describes the Montagues and Capulets weapons as mistemperd. Though this suggests primarily that the weapons are offensive and angry towards one another, another meaning of this can also be that the weapons are weak and no match for the Princes, as steel for weapons is tempered to make it harder and more durable. This is a pun used by Shakespeare, though not primarily for comic effect, to convey multiple attitudes the Prince has towards the feud, and to show the Prince uses the threat of his vast military power. However, a leader must choose to use his power and tread carefully when he does.To stop the feud the law that he has passed may frighten the families into submission as they do not want to lose family members, bringing peace. Though initially this seems like a good settlement, the issue of blame is more complicated than being able to accuse responsibility for an action on one person, especially when there are two sides in a feud, as is later found out when Tybalt is killed. A successful leader must determine the outcome of his actions and the problems faced with making a shock decision. Though militarily strong, Prince Escales shows his weakness as a leader by making unconsidered and immediate decisions without much thought to the consequences.The failure of strong leadership in this highest order secures a breakdown when the law imposed on these aristocratic families has to be put into action when Romeo kills Tybalt. Here the Prince shows his leadership is inconsistent and biased. Who now the price of his dear blood doth owe? III.i.179And for that offenceImmediately we do exile him hence. III.i.182-183The fight between Mercutio and Tybalt, in which Romeo is forced to intervene when Mercutio is killed, is a clear example of the absurdity of the law the Prince imposed. In these circumstances the only person who can be punished is Romeo, as he is the only one living. However, the issue of blame can be taken to either Tybalt, since he killed Mercutio, or Romeo, who took the law into his own hands. Apart from passing an irrational law at the beginning, the Prince also fails to demonstrate another vital quality of a leader: he must be impartial when making decisions.Though there is no bias towards one family throughout the whole of the play, Prince Escales has relatives on both sides of the feud, which causes him to sometimes take sides. Examples of these relations are Mercutio, whose blood is dear to the Prince, a good friend of Romeo, and Paris, who is Juliets su itor. If a leader is to maintain control of a situation, such as Escales is trying to do in the play, bias can make the situation more volatile and uncontrollable, as the unfavoured party will become more aggressive. A successful leader must rise above any ties he has to a situation and think clearly. However, in this fight scene, Escales does seem to listen first before giving an ultimatum, which he does in his speech.The use of rhyming couplets in Escales speech has the effect of an ending as rhyming couplets are crisp sounding and cause the sentence end solidly and sharply, with no further sounds. This therefore emphasises the fact that this decision is ultimate. The lexis, such as Immediately and hence, also show the decision is not up for debate, because the action is abrupt. Overall, the fact that the Prince acted differently on the law he so clearly imposed shows his inconsistency and weakness as leader. Furthermore, his decision was affected by bias. The word dear (III.i.179 ) has two meanings, as Mercutios blood is precious, but also beloved to the Prince.This implies the Prince is truly saddened; however, a strong leader must not let personal issues come in the way of justice. Using this emotive language suggests that the Princes decision not to execute Romeo was aided by the fact that Romeo acted in vengeance for the murder of the Princes own kinsman. This weakness towards family members may have greatly affected Capulets definite decision to make Juliet marry the County Paris, a relative of the Prince, as it would give Capulet advantage, especially over the outcome of the reopened feud.Although a clear leader of society, such as the Prince, can have influence on peoples behaviour by creating laws, a leader within a family can have a far greater effect mentally and emotionally on those in it. The most significant of these roles is parenthood. A parent must guide the child through times of uncertainty and despair, and the trust between the two is esse ntial for both the welfare of the child and the security of the parent. As a great leader must do, a parent must also balance control and freedom. Due to his own selfishness and pride, Capulets changing attitude towards Juliet throughout the play creates a rift between Juliet and him that becomes impossible to repair.[Capulet]Let two more summers wither in their pride,Ere we may think her ripe to be a bride[Paris]Younger than she are happy mothers made.[Capulet]Earth hath swallowd all my hopes but sheMy will to her consent is but a part I.ii.10-12, 14, 17At the beginning of the play, Capulet is shown to be caring and very much in favour of Juliets own decision, instead of a forceful arranged marriage. My will to her consent is but a part suggests that although the County Paris is noble and a worthy husband to Juliet, (also a worthy entrant to the Capulet family) the real decision does indeed lie with her about her own marriage. Capulet points out to Paris in lines 10-11 that Juliet is too young. However, as Paris argues to Capulet, girls even younger than Juliet marry and even have children. This was common in the time of Shakespeare, and due to the high infant mortality rates of that time women had many children, accounting for the fact that many would die.Sadly, the life expectancy for mothers was also shortened due to the unhygienic conditions and lack of treatment for birth complications from so many pregnancies therefore it was custom for girls to have children only just into their teens. Capulet also demonstrates this when saying Earth hath swallowd all my hopes but she, which shows that all his other children have died. The metaphor comparing children to hopes in this line also emphasises the fact that Juliet is the pinnacle and dream of his whole life. This therefore suggests further that he is a compassionate and loving father to Juliet.Notwithstanding, Capulet insists that Juliet should only marry when she is sixteen, as she is nearly fourteen in th e play, and Capulet suggests two more summers should pass before a marriage to Paris. This can only, however, be seen as Capulets desire to spend more time with Juliet, which suggests that he thoroughly enjoys her company and wants Juliet to have the best possible adolescence. This is because marriage at sixteen would be uncommon, especially if the person marrying her was a nobleman, due to the health issues explained above.Therefore Capulet must truly love Juliet and think her exceptionally desirable to be married at that age, if it was solely up to him. The use of rhyming couplets in lines 10-11 also shows the finality of his decision: as in many other parts of the play, rhyming couplets are used to end a matter being discussed due to the crisp and perfect ending to their syllables. Paris shows his determination by arguing about her age after this, to which Capulet responds even more strongly, by giving a speech of more than 20 lines (13-38) which has rhyming couplet, ending the d ebate.However, later on, Capulet sees that by forcing marriage on his daughter, he will gain significant political advantage over his bitter rivals, the Montagues. This sees Juliet isolate herself from her family at a time in her adolescence when she needs clear guidance from everyone around her.To answer I am too youngAnd you be mine, Ill give you to my friend;And you be not, hang, beg, starve, die in the streets III.v.185-186, 191-192The feud between the two families has opened up again at this stage in the play, after Romeo murdered Tybalt in (Act 3) Scene 1. The County Paris, Juliets suitor, is the cousin of Prince Escales, and by accepting the Prince into his family, the Capulets will have more influence over the Prince and ultimately the judgement of both the feuding families by him. The Prince has already shown (Act 3, Scene 1) that his judgement can be somewhat distorted by family members, and Capulet calculates that by creating this link, especially with a new marriage, at this critical time, the Montagues will be served a far harsher punishment in the near future, while Capulet and his family will escape with none.The shift in attitude by Capulet is very significant and totally contradicts his approach to Juliet at the beginning of the play. Irony is used when Capulet mocks Juliets answer to the arranged marriage, that she answers I am too young [to love]. This is extremely at odds with Capulets conversation with Paris in Act 1, when he suggests a marriage in two summers. It further shows Capulets inherent selfishness, perhaps not that much even to the family, since Juliet is part of it.Capulet also disowns Juliet in lines 191-192. In the time of Shakespeare, banishment was the ultimate punishment, save death, and especially to an aristocrat girl with an easy upbringing, it would be worse. Since ordinary women had virtually no rights at that time, it would virtually condemn her to prostitution, though Capulet has not been as cold and obvious to Julie t. This may suggest that he still regards Juliet as a child. However, this scene marks a new stage for Juliets character in the play, showing she does not feel need to be led by parents anymore. Capulets changing and inconsistent parenting on Juliet causes her to grow up quickly throughout the play. After her father passionately dishonours her, Juliet becomes much more independent of the advisers she should be closest to.Though there is no doubt Capulet is entirely to blame for his selfishness, the feeling of loss causes Juliet to feel so detached from her family that the advices she takes are totally from other characters. An adolescent teenager needs parents to be comforting but controlling as leaders a balance which neither Capulet nor Lady Capulet have attempted. The detachment caused provokes Juliet to sacrifice everything for love however total and true it may be at a time when her judgement may be impaired by puberty and new-found feelings. It caused her follow a plan whic h was illogical and bound to fail, leading to the tragic outcome of the lovers story.Montague is also troubled as a parent of Romeo. However, unlike Capulet, he struggles to control or comfort his son due to his lack of communication and his low self-confidence, from the very beginning of the play.[Montague]Unless good counsel may the cause removeI neither know it [the cause of Romeos troubles], nor can learn of him[Benvolio]See where he comes. So please you step aside I.i.136, 138, 150When mentioning good counsel, which Romeo obviously needs to comfort him and take him out of his depressed state, Montague is impartial himself, and unless has the connotations that someone should do it. As he does not mention himself, Montague hints at Benvolio in this scene. Montague fails to realise that he should be the one constantly trying to question and understand Romeos feelings. Montague is also shown as being very weak at relating to Romeo, even by merely guessing Romeos circumstances.He ha s a very negative approach, as when asked by Benvolio, even this time, he does not even attempt to guess the cause of Romeos troubles. Though the age difference between Old Montague (as described in stage directions in several points of the play) and Romeo, a young boy in his mid-teens, is significant, Montague was young at some point, and despite any changes in society, it does not seem likely that he has never fallen in love before. Therefore it seems absurd that Montague cannot see what is happening to Romeo especially as Benvolio finds out soon after speaking with him.Hence, this must only be blamed on the low self-confidence and the distance he has built from his son seemingly accumulated for a long time as it is such a vast one. The impression Montague gives of his (very limited) efforts to Benvolio is so strong that Benvolio asks Montague and Lady Montague to step aside so that he can talk to Romeo alone. It seems peculiar that as the caring father he seems, by his pleas to Benvolio, he does not stay and talk to Romeo with one of his friends alongside. Again, this can be attributed to Capulets low self-esteem, which causes Montague to think that his distance with Romeo is even larger than it actually is.This lack of confidence is therefore mirrored in Romeos confidence in Montague, and when situations arise in which his friends must also be kept uninformed, Romeo must rely on himself for judgements. Montagues parenting, and ultimately leadership, is too conservative to even have an effect on Romeo. A successful leader, especially a parent, must guide his subjects emotionally so that they can confide in him. Through the play Montague virtually avoids conversation with Romeo. Though Montague has no moody and changing attitude throughout the play similar to Capulet, and remains loving and caring towards Romeo, he creates no way for himself to show this kindness, and therefore leaves Romeo to rely on people much further to him than his father should be in times of need.In Elizabethan times, it was common for the aristocracy and royalty to have wet-nurses, who would look after the newborn baby and breastfeed it, while the mother could not do this because she was usually busy and had to exercise and eat less (which breastfeeding prevented) to obtain her figure, which was very important as a symbol of beauty. The child therefore became very emotionally attached to the nurse, and vice versa, even more so as the nurse was selected because her child had died in childbirth but she was able to breastfeed.Juliets Nurse cared for her from that time to the present. Therefore, Juliet is far more emotionally attached to the Nurse than her cold and distant mother. Close to a true mother figure (though significantly less educated and intelligent than Juliet) the Nurse is not a total leader but more of an advisor to Juliet, but one who is highly significant in Juliets decisions. Though silly and girlish for most of the play, which aids the progress ion of the sequence of events with Romeo, her lack of moral sophistication leads to abandonment by Juliet, at a time when she could have been the only one to prevent the disastrous outcome.[Nurse]Romeos a dishclout to him[the County]and you no use of him [Romeo][Juliet]Speakst thou from thy heart?[Nurse]And from my soul too, else beshrew them both. III.v.217, 219, 225-227Juliet is, of course, truly and deeply in love with Romeo. In the past, for Juliets happiness, the Nurse has advised Juliet to marry Romeo as soon as possible, which satisfied Juliet greatly as Romeo was her only true love. Though at that point merely an accelerator to what Juliet wanted to do, the Nurse shows her naivety and misunderstanding when she thinks that Juliet will think the same way as her, just as she has done with the Nurses actions about Romeo. Due to her much lower social class and lack of education, the Nurse is unsophisticated and therefore does not understand the concept of true love. She describes Juliets relationship with Romeo as Juliets use of Romeo. This is a vulgar statement like many of the Nurses and suggests that Juliet only loves Romeo for use for sex.Her trivial response to love may also be due to her great loss at childbirth, which emotionally scarred her in this way. Therefore she thinks that Juliet can just switch lovers. Thinking Juliet is on her side, she even insults Romeo by comparing him to a dishclout, which is a rag for cleaning dishes, when placed by the Countys side. As Juliet is deeply in love with Romeo, the Nurses truly enrages and saddens Juliet. The Nurse also clearly does not understand the religious side of marriage, which suggests that she did not have a husband when she bore her own child. Shakespeare further makes this clear as she swears on a curse to her heart and soul beshrew means a curse, but as she does not use any Christian-specific language, for example heaven or hell, the point is made clear that the Nurse does not know at all abou t religion.A lower social class and education may have hindered her in parts, but the Nurse should have been able to see that, after spending her life with all of Juliets, the love between Romeo and Juliet was true. The Nurses vulgarity and ignorance of Juliets unfounded love for Romeo meant that in the final situation before the deadly plan was put into action, she wasnt involved. This prevented her from either intervening or persuading Juliet to stop, or from making sure it was known to some that Juliet was not truly dead. Overall, as a leading character in Juliets emotional life, therefore a leader of sorts, the Nurse failed in comforting and helping her, due to her own ignorance, when her help would have counted most.The final leader involved in this catastrophic saga was perhaps the most directly involved in all of it. As a friar of the order of Saint Francis, Friar Lawrence is highly respected and listened to in the play. He is educated, wise, and a holy man, making him valued among the citizens of Verona. It is for this reason that Romeo seeks his advice and assurance when in love with Juliet. However, his lack of thought about any consequences proves very costly for the lovers, at two critical points where the tragedy could have been stopped.Firstly, after Romeo and Juliet fall in love, Romeo comes to him to plea his consent in marriage. Hasty decision making and attempted control out of his arc of influence ensure that the sequence of events is not stopped.In one respect Ill thy assistant be:For this alliance may so happy proveTo turn your households rancour to pure love. II.iii.90-93Principally, a leader wishing to make a bold decision must carefully calculate the consequences of his actions. Friar Lawrence seems to only imagine one perfect outcome. Clearly, Friar Lawrence is shown to not envisage the hatred between these two families. However, the word rancour suggests that the hate is venomous, potent and deep running. It is therefore abnormal that such a man of great education and wisdom should make such a huge mistake. It seems that the intentions of Friar Lawrence are only good for a Utopian society: in reality a secret marriage would not only have terrible consequences between the two families, but at the centre of all the rage, taking hits from both families, would be the unfortunate lovers.Pure love used by Friar Lawrence, especially after rancour further suggests this, implying that the Friars dreams are just dreams. The Friar here is also operating out of his scope of influence, which is one of the worst things a leader can do. This usually leads to disrespect and condemnation by more powerful people that control the areas that the Friar cannot. It is possible that the Friar, however aspired to solve the feud, and wanted the pride for doing something that the Prince, with all his military power, could not do. His decision making also seems to be hugely affected by the want of Romeo and his profound love for Juliet th e secret marriage occurs in Scene 6 (the final scene) in the same act, which suggests it was later that night.As aforementioned, a good leader must not be affected by those around him to make a calm and clear judgement something which the wise and learned Friar Lawrence is not able to do. Therefore, his failures in Act 2 with the performance of the marriage ceremony seem to have only been done for his own purposes, or just for two people, which means he failed as a leader, since a good leader should bring stability to the environment around him, and he made it more turbulent, ultimately leading to the deaths of the lovers.However, the Friar also performs the final act that dooms the couple more than anything else. The creating of his fake death plan for Juliet is primarily to save his image. By taking advantage of Juliet, and abusing his position as leader, he dooms the couple to an ill-fated plan which is the sole reason for their deaths.Hold, daughter, I do spy a kind of hope,Whi ch craves as desperate an executionAs that is desperate which we would prevent. IV.i.68-70Desperate for himself not to be ridiculed in front of the whole of Verona, Friar Lawrence persuades Juliet to take a fake death potion, which would make her appear dead for 42 hours. We would prevent suggests that Friar Lawrence is also deeply involved and would want the plan to work for both his and Juliets sake. Because Juliet is very much deeply in love with Romeo, the Friar is able to take advantage, and use this highly critical and deadly plan. Instead of good counsel and leadership, where, like a good leader, he must devise a hard but honest outcome to the situation, slightly sacrificing his own image in the process, he hastily develops the desperate and ill-fated plan, which secures the tragic fate of the lovers.Here, the Friar only has a kind of hope that the plan would work. This is bad leadership, as he is abusing his position as a trusted and respected man to force this plan, that ha s a very high chance of total and tragic failure, on Juliet. For a critical, life and death, situation such as this, a solid means to solve the problem must be found and it should not just be left to hope that the Friars plan is built around. This shows the Friar is more concerned with his own pride and image than anything else, bringing a further conclusion that the marriage itself was foremost for pride of the Friar, and not just good intentions.Words such as desperate and hold suggest that the Friars plan is instinctive and hastily made, which it turns out to be. Under stress, Friar Lawrences leadership does not hold up and recklessness and rashness secure the fate of the lovers. Due to tremendous miscalculation and oversight on the Friars part, coupled with reckless decision making, the outcome becomes clear and tragic: due to the wedding being shifted one day earlier, death is imminent for the young lovers.Throughout the whole play, each leader, at the point where cool-headedne ss, calculation, and all those other aforementioned and explained qualities of a successful leader were paramount, failed to deliver. Arguably the largest failure was Friar Lawrence and his ill-fated plan, which was the reason the whole situation collapsed on Romeo and Juliet as it did. In spite of this, however, each of the leaders had a role to play, and if one of them had reacted in a manner a good leader should have done, the deadly sequence could have been stopped. However, no leader truly connected with the people that needed the most help, and therefore seeking love and true happiness the deadly chain took them to their final resting place.